TNTEU · B.Ed · BD1EP · Last-Hour Revision

Educational Psychology — 1-Hour Cheatsheet

Every unit boiled down to the exam essentials. Read top to bottom; the suggested clock is below.

0–18 min · Units 1–2 18–40 · Unit 3 (learning theories) 40–52 · Units 4–5 52–60 · tables, formula, mnemonics
UNIT 1

Ed. Psychology & Development

Skinner: Ed. psych deals with teaching & learning. Nature = positive + applied science. Scopelearner · learning process · learning situation.

Methodsintrospection, observation, experimental, case-study, clinical.

Growth = quantitative · Development = qualitative, lifelong · Maturation = innate unfolding (no practice).

Principlesorderly sequence · cephalo-caudal · proximo-distal · general→specific · individual differences.

Adolescence (12–19)"storm & stress" (Stanley Hall); puberty, peer influence, identity. Havighurst = developmental tasks. Help: guidance, sex education, channel energy.

UNIT 2

Attention · Perception · Memory

Attention (Ross): getting an object of thought clearly before the mind. Types: volitional / non-volitional.

Factorsobjective = intensity, size, colour, movement, novelty, contrast · subjective = interest, motive, set, needs.

Perception = sensation + meaning. Gestalt laws: figure-ground, proximity, similarity, closure, continuity. Illusion = false perception of a real stimulus · Hallucination = perception with no stimulus.

Memorylearning → retention → recall → recognition. Types: sensory, STM, LTM. Improve: meaningful, association, mnemonics, over-learning, spaced practice.

Forgettingtrace decay · interference (proactive/retroactive) · repression. Ebbinghaus curve.

UNIT 3

Motivation & Learning — the heaviest essay unit

Motivationneed → drive → goal. Intrinsic (interest) vs Extrinsic (rewards). Maslow hierarchy (5 levels; 7 with cognitive + aesthetic). Deficiency vs growth needs. McClelland = achievement motivation.

  • Thorndike — Trial & error / connectionism; laws of Readiness, Exercise, Effect; cat in puzzle box.
  • Pavlov — Classical conditioning; UCS→UCR, CS→CR; dog & bell.
  • Skinner — Operant; reinforcement (+/−); Skinner box; programmed learning.
  • Köhler — Insight learning (Gestalt); apes.
  • Piaget — Cognitive stages: sensorimotor (0–2), pre-operational (2–7), concrete (7–11), formal (11+).
  • Dewey — Constructivism, "learning by doing", project method.
  • Maslow & Rogers — Humanistic; Rogers: real vs ideal self, unconditional positive regard → fully functioning person.
  • Classical vs Operant — elicited/involuntary vs emitted/voluntary; reinforcement before vs after response.
UNIT 4

Intelligence & Creativity

IQ = (Mental Age ÷ Chronological Age) × 100. Types (Thorndike): abstract, mechanical, social.

TheoriesSpearman two-factor (g + s) · Thurstone group factor (7 PMA) · Guilford SOI (5×4×6 = 120) · Gardner multiple (8) · Thorndike multifactor.

TestsBinet–Simon (first, mental age) · Stanford–Binet (Terman) · Wechsler WAIS (verbal + performance, deviation IQ). Individual vs group.

Creativityconvergent vs divergent (Guilford). Wallas stages: preparation → incubation → illumination → verification.

UNIT 5

Personality

Allport: dynamic organisation of psychophysical systems that determine unique adjustment. Determinants: heredity, environment, psychological.

Type theoriesHippocrates (humours) · Kretschmer · Sheldon (endo/meso/ecto) · Jung (introvert/extrovert).

Trait theoriesAllport · Cattell (16 PF, source/surface) · Eysenck.

Freudid / ego / superego · conscious / preconscious / unconscious · defense mechanisms.

Assessmentsubjective (interview) · objective (rating scale, questionnaire, MMPI) · projective (Rorschach, TAT — Murray & Morgan).

RAPID

Who said what — one-line recall

Pavlov — classical conditioning
Skinner — operant conditioning
Thorndike — trial & error; laws; multifactor intelligence
Köhler — insight learning (Gestalt)
Dewey — constructivism / learning by doing
Piaget — cognitive development (4 stages)
Maslow — hierarchy of needs
Rogers — self theory; positive regard
McClelland — achievement motivation
Spearman — two-factor (g + s)
Thurstone — group factor / PMA
Guilford — Structure of Intellect; divergent thinking
Gardner — multiple intelligences (8)
Binet & Simon — first IQ test; mental age
Terman / Stern — IQ formula / coined "IQ"
Wechsler — WAIS; deviation IQ
Wallas — 4 stages of creativity
Freud — psychoanalytic theory
Sheldon — somatotypes · Jung — intro/extrovert
Allport · Cattell — trait theory (16 PF)
Rorschach · Murray — projective tests (ink-blot, TAT)
Havighurst — developmental tasks · Hall — storm & stress
TRAP

"Other names" (Part A)

Trial & error= connectionism / S–R bond
Classical= respondent / Pavlovian
Operant= instrumental
Insight= Gestalt theory
Two-factor= g & s theory
SOI= Structure of Intellect
Self theory= person-centred (Rogers)
FACTS

Formula & magic numbers

IQ = MA ÷ CA × 100. Bands: <70 deficient · 90–110 average · 120–140 gifted.

  • Maslow = 5 needs (or 7) · Piaget = 4 stages
  • Gardner = 8 intelligences · Thurstone = 7 PMA
  • Wallas = 4 creativity stages
  • Guilford = 5 × 4 × 6 = 120 abilities
RECALL

Memory hooks

MASS FRIEND'S POOR GUT = Maslow · Freud · Pavlov · Guilford Maslow thali: Paratha · Sambar · Lassi · Elaichi · Sweet Freud "I Eat Samosa": Id · Ego · Superego Pavlov: kulfiwala's bell — "U before C" Guilford "Onion·Curry·Paneer": Operations × Contents × Products
WRITE

In the answer book

  • Open with a named definition (Skinner, Ross, Allport…).
  • Write in points; underline theorist names & keywords.
  • Draw a labelled diagram wherever possible.
  • End every 10-marker with educational implications.
  • Attempt all questions; a minute per mark.
15 MIN

If time's almost up, nail these

Most-asked 10-markers
  1. Pavlov / Skinner / Thorndike (a learning theory)
  2. Maslow's hierarchy + implications
  3. Factors / determinants of attention
  4. Spearman or Guilford (intelligence)
  5. Freud's theory + defense mechanisms
  6. Projective techniques of personality